packages: add ability for packages to create users

Packages that install daemons may need those daemons to run as a non-root,
or an otherwise non-system (eg. 'daemon'), user.

Add infrastructure for packages to create users, by declaring the FOO_USERS
variable that contain a makedev-syntax-like description of the user(s) to
add.

Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Samuel Martin <s.martin49@gmail.com>
Cc: Cam Hutchison <camh@xdna.net>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@sunsite.dk>

docs/manual/adding-packages-generic.txt

@@ -53,7 +53,11 @@ system is based on hand-written Makefiles or shell scripts.
 36:	/bin/foo  f  4755  0  0	 -  -  -  -  -
 37: endef
 38:
-39: $(eval $(generic-package))
+39: define LIBFOO_USERS
+40:	foo -1 libfoo -1 * - - - LibFoo daemon
+41: endef
+42:
+43: $(eval $(generic-package))
 --------------------------------
 
 The Makefile begins on line 7 to 11 with metadata information: the
@@ -140,7 +144,10 @@ On line 31..33, we define a device-node file used by this package
 On line 35..37, we define the permissions to set to specific files
 installed by this package (+LIBFOO_PERMISSIONS+).
 
-Finally, on line 39, we call the +generic-package+ function, which
+On lines 39..41, we define a user that is used by this package (eg.
+to run a daemon as non-root) (+LIBFOO_USERS+).
+
+Finally, on line 43, we call the +generic-package+ function, which
 generates, according to the variables defined previously, all the
 Makefile code necessary to make your package working.
 
@@ -307,6 +314,11 @@ information is (assuming the package name is +libfoo+) :
   You can find some documentation for this syntax in the xref:makedev-syntax[].
   This variable is optional.
 
+* +LIBFOO_USERS+ lists the users to create for this package, if it installs
+  a program you want to run as a specific user (eg. as a daemon, or as a
+  cron-job). The syntax is similar in spirit to the makedevs one, and is
+  described in the xref:makeuser-syntax[]. This variable is optional.
+
 * +LIBFOO_LICENSE+ defines the license (or licenses) under which the package
   is released.
   This name will appear in the manifest file produced by +make legal-info+.

docs/manual/appendix.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Appendix
 ========
 
 include::makedev-syntax.txt[]
+include::makeusers-syntax.txt[]
 
 [[package-list]]
 Available packages

docs/manual/makeusers-syntax.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// -*- mode:doc -*- ;
+
+[[makeuser-syntax]]
+Makeuser syntax documentation
+-----------------------------
+
+The syntax to create users is inspired by the makedev syntax, above, but
+is specific to Buildroot.
+
+The syntax for adding a user is a space-separated list of fields, one
+user per line; the fields are:
+
+|=================================================================
+|username |uid |group |gid |password |home |shell |groups |comment
+|=================================================================
+
+Where:
+
+- +username+ is the desired user name (aka login name) for the user.
+  It can not be +root+, and must be unique.
+- +uid+ is the desired UID for the user. It must be unique, and not
+  +0+. If set to +-1+, then a unique UID will be computed by Buildroot
+  in the range [1000...1999]
+- +group+ is the desired name for the user's main group. It can not
+  be +root+. If the group does not exist, it will be created.
+- +gid+ is the desired GID for the user's main group. It must be unique,
+  and not +0+. If set to +-1+, and the group does not already exist, then
+  a unique GID will be computed by Buildroot in the range [1000..1999]
+- +password+ is the crypt(3)-encoded password. If prefixed with +!+,
+  then login is disabled. If prefixed with +=+, then it is interpreted
+  as clear-text, and will be crypt-encoded (using MD5). If prefixed with
+  +!=+, then the password will be crypt-encoded (using MD5) and login
+  will be disabled. If set to +*+, then login is not allowed.
+- +home+ is the desired home directory for the user. If set to '-', no
+  home directory will be created, and the user's home will be +/+.
+  Explicitly setting +home+ to +/+ is not allowed.
+- +shell+ is the desired shell for the user. If set to +-+, then
+  +/bin/false+ is set as the user's shell.
+- +groups+ is the comma-separated list of additional groups the user
+  should be part of. If set to +-+, then the user will be a member of
+  no additional group. Missing groups will be created with an arbitrary
+  +gid+.
+- +comment+ (aka https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecos_field[GECOS]
+  field) is an almost-free-form text.
+
+There are a few restrictions on the content of each field:
+
+* except for +comment+, all fields are mandatory.
+* except for +comment+, fields may not contain spaces.
+* no field may contain a colon (+:+).
+
+If +home+ is not +-+, then the home directory, and all files below,
+will belong to the user and its main group.
+
+Examples:
+
+----
+foo -1 bar -1 !=blabla /home/foo /bin/sh alpha,bravo Foo user
+----
+
+This will create this user:
+
+- +username+ (aka login name) is: +foo+
+- +uid+ is computed by Buildroot
+- main +group+ is: +bar+
+- main group +gid+ is computed by Buildroot
+- clear-text +password+ is: +blabla+, will be crypt(3)-encoded, and login is disabled.
+- +home+ is: +/home/foo+
+- +shell+ is: +/bin/sh+
+- +foo+ is also a member of +groups+: +alpha+ and +bravo+
+- +comment+ is: +Foo user+
+
+----
+test 8000 wheel -1 = - /bin/sh - Test user
+----
+
+This will create this user:
+
+- +username+ (aka login name) is: +test+
+- +uid+ is : +8000+
+- main +group+ is: +wheel+
+- main group +gid+ is computed by Buildroot, and will use the value defined in the rootfs skeleton
+- +password+ is empty (aka no password).
+- +home+ is +/+ but will not belong to +test+
+- +shell+ is: +/bin/sh+
+- +test+ is not a member of any additional +groups+
+- +comment+ is: +Test user+