diff --git a/DEVELOPERS b/DEVELOPERS
index b13a346c5d..297dcd06ec 100644
--- a/DEVELOPERS
+++ b/DEVELOPERS
@@ -1785,6 +1785,8 @@ F:	package/z3/
 F:	package/zynaddsubfx/
 F:	support/testing/tests/boot/test_optee_os.py
 F:	support/testing/tests/boot/test_optee_os/
+F:	support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs.py
+F:	support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs/
 F:	support/testing/tests/package/sample_python_distro.py
 F:	support/testing/tests/package/sample_python_gnupg.py
 F:	support/testing/tests/package/sample_python_hwdata.py
diff --git a/support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs.py b/support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90b868a955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import os
+
+import infra.basetest
+
+
+class TestBtrfs(infra.basetest.BRTest):
+    kern_frag = \
+        infra.filepath("tests/fs/test_btrfs/linux-btrfs.fragment")
+    btrfs_label = "BR_TEST"
+    config = \
+        f"""
+        BR2_aarch64=y
+        BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL=y
+        BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_GETTY_PORT="ttyAMA0"
+        BR2_LINUX_KERNEL=y
+        BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION=y
+        BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION_VALUE="6.6.39"
+        BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_USE_CUSTOM_CONFIG=y
+        BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE="board/qemu/aarch64-virt/linux.config"
+        BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CONFIG_FRAGMENT_FILES="{kern_frag}"
+        BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_NEEDS_HOST_OPENSSL=y
+        BR2_PACKAGE_BTRFS_PROGS=y
+        BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_BTRFS=y
+        BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_BTRFS_LABEL="{btrfs_label}"
+        # BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_TAR is not set
+        """
+
+    def test_run(self):
+        disk = os.path.join(self.builddir, "images", "rootfs.btrfs")
+        kern = os.path.join(self.builddir, "images", "Image")
+        bootargs = ["root=/dev/vda", "console=ttyAMA0"]
+        qemu_opts = ["-M", "virt", "-cpu", "cortex-a57", "-m", "256M",
+                     "-drive", f"file={disk},if=virtio,format=raw"]
+        self.emulator.boot(arch="aarch64",
+                           kernel=kern,
+                           kernel_cmdline=bootargs,
+                           options=qemu_opts)
+        self.emulator.login()
+
+        # We check our root filesystem is in btrfs format.
+        cmd = "mount | grep '/dev/root on / type btrfs'"
+        self.assertRunOk(cmd)
+
+        # We show the root filesystem info with btrfs-progs, using the
+        # target btrfs-progs.
+        self.assertRunOk("btrfs filesystem show /")
+
+        # We query the label and check it is the one from the
+        # Buildroot config.
+        out, ret = self.emulator.run("btrfs filesystem label /")
+        self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(out[0], self.btrfs_label)
+
+        # We try to write data on the root filesystem.
+        self.assertRunOk("echo 'Hello Buildroot' > /root/file.txt")
+        self.assertRunOk("sync")
diff --git a/support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs/linux-btrfs.fragment b/support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs/linux-btrfs.fragment
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..605c1837e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/support/testing/tests/fs/test_btrfs/linux-btrfs.fragment
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CONFIG_BTRFS_FS=y